How do Anopheline larvae breathe while submerged in water?

Anopheline larvae are a type of mosquito larva that have a specialized method of breathing while they remain submerged in water. They coordinate their position in the water column to facilitate their respiratory needs. By lying parallel to the surface, they can effectively access the oxygen-rich layer of water without having to fully surface. This position allows them to take advantage of the natural diffusion of oxygen that occurs at the air-water interface.

While they do not have gills or skin that facilitates air filtration, their elongated body and behavior enable them to maintain an adequate supply of oxygen by minimizing their exposure to the surface. This adaptation is particularly beneficial in habitats where they may need to avoid predators or harsh environmental conditions.